Hoy es el Día Mundial del Cáncer de Mama. En este día se insiste en que un diagnóstico a tiempo es la mejor solución para los pacientes.
Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), cada 30 segundos en algún lugar del mundo se diagnostica un cáncer de mamas. En Argentina cada año se detectan cerca de 16.000 nuevos casos. Las campañas de detección precoz, los programas de mamografías y el progresivo envejecimiento de la población tienen mucho que ver con esto.
El lazo rosa es el símbolo internacional para recordar la lucha y concienciación social contra al cáncer de mamas. El diagnóstico precoz es el principal mensaje de la campaña del lazo rosa, ya que a pesar de los continuos avances científicos en el campo de la oncología y la incorporación de nuevos fármacos, el diagnóstico precoz sigue siendo la mejor herramienta para luchar contra esta enfermedad, que puede llegar a afectar a una de cada ocho mujeres en el mundo.
Un tumor femenino
El cáncer de mama es una enfermedad que cada día se cobra la vida de muchas mujeres de todas las edades, aunque sólo un 6 por ciento de los casos se da en menores de 35 años, y es más probable en las mayores de 40 años. El cáncer de mamas es el tumor más frecuente en la población femenina. En los últimos años su incidencia ha aumentado en forma considerable; pero también ha aumentado su porcentaje de curación.
El dolor de las mamas y la presencia de durezas o tumores no siempre son signos de cáncer, y en la mayoría de los casos las afecciones que se presentan son benignas, sobre todo durante la adolescencia. No obstante, es el médico mastólogo, a través de algunos estudios, quien puede descartar la existencia de esta enfermedad. La presencia de nódulos o tumores en las mamas suele estar estimulada por hormonas, como la progesterona, y los estrógenos o la prolactina.
Explican los especialistas que hasta el 1,5 por ciento de las mujeres asintomáticas tiene una lesión sospechosa en la mamografía. Por esta razón, para realizar un diagnóstico temprano, se aconseja el inicio de los chequeos médicos a partir de los 40 años con mamografías. Es importante saber que en aquellos casos en los que existen antecedentes familiares o una lesión palpable se pueden iniciar las mamografías antes de esa edad.
Actualmente las nuevas tecnologías permiten realizar chequeos completos de mama en tan sólo una mañana. Esto evita la angustia en aquellas mujeres que sospechan tener algunas lesiones en sus senos. Además, este tipo de cáncer, a diferencia de otros, es totalmente detectable y se puede prevenir a tiempo si la mujer está al tanto de sus síntomas y mantiene un programa permanente y sistemático de control a partir de los 20 años.
Las cifras
Cada año se diagnostican en todo el mundo 600.000 casos de cáncer de mama en estadios iniciales.
Estadísticamente, una de cada ocho mujeres podría llegar a desarrollarlo a lo largo de su vida si viviera hasta los 85 años. El riesgo de morir por cáncer de mama es de aproximadamente un 3,4 por ciento y sigue siendo todavía una de las primeras causas de muerte en la población femenina. La probabilidad de padecer cáncer de mama antes de los 75 años es del 8 por ciento.
Un aspecto de esta enfermedad es su gran dependencia hormonal. Muchos de sus factores de riesgo reconocidos (menopausia tardía, nuliparidad, edad tardía del primer parto y obesidad en mujeres posmenopáusicas) se traducen en una mayor exposición de la glándula mamaria de los estrógenos circulantes. Por otra parte y al margen de los antecedentes familiares, determinadas profesiones muestran una incidencia mayor, aunque los científicos reconocen la dificultad de desvincular la influencia de factores especificamente ocupacionales.
No obstante, los programas de detección precoz —junto con los avances diagnósticos y terapéuticos— se han traducido en un incremento de la supervivencia, que diversos estudios epidemiológicos sitúan en promedio por encima del 70 por ciento a los cinco años del diagnóstico. Cuanto antes se detecte y se diagnostique el cáncer de mama, mayor será la probabilidad de que el tratamiento curativo tenga éxito.
Por eso, desde el blog de Matilde Menéndez te recomendado que te hagas periódicamente los exámenes y cuides tu salud. Está en tus manos.
Fuente: diarionorte[dot]com
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